This PedsCases Note provides a one-page infographic on Febrile Neutropenia in Immunocompetent Patients. This Note will include risk factors, etiology and management for febrile neutropenia in immunocompetent patients. It was created by Ola Elsharif (Pediatric Resident, University of Toronto) and Dr. Vicky Breakey (Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, McMaster University).  

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There are no conflicts of interest to disclose by the authors.

Related Content:

• Podcast: Evaluation and Management of Febrile Infants ≤90 Days - CPS Podcast
• Note: Febrile Neutropenia 

References:

• Freifeld AG, Bow EJ, Sepkowitz KA, Boeckh MJ, Ito JI, Mullen CA, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(4):e56–93.
• Lirette M-P, Wright N, Trottier ED, Beck CE. Management of febrile neutropenia in immunocompetent children and youth. Paediatr Child Health. 2023;28(5):324–30.
• Castagnola E, Fontana V, Caviglia I, Caruso S, Faraci M, Fioredda F, et al. A prospective study on the epidemiology of febrile episodes during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in children with cancer or after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45(10):1296–304.
• Hao R, Saleh M, Liang T, Molyneaux N, Gordon I, Anyachebelu C, et al. The prevalence of serious bacterial infections in neutropenic immunocompetent febrile children. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;45:1–6.
• Segel GB, Halterman JS. Neutropenia in pediatric practice. Pediatr Rev. 2008;29(1):12–24.
• Alexandropoulou O, Kossiva L, Haliotis F, Pangalis A, Papadaki H, Chrousos GP. Transient neutropenia in children with febrile illness and associated infectious agents: 2 years’ follow-up. Eur J Pediatr. 2013;172(6):811–9.