This PedsCases Note provides a one-page infographic on constipation. It was created by Katharine Jensen, a pediatric resident at the University of Alberta, with the help of Dr. Jason Silverman, a pediatric gastroenterologist at the University of Alberta.

Click the image below for a full-screen PDF handout.

Related content:

• Podcast: Constipation
• Podcast: Chronic abdominal pain

References:

1. Tabbers, M.M., Dilorenzo, C., Berger, M.Y., Faure, C., Langendam, M.W., Nurko, S., et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: Evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58(2):258–74. 

2. Rowan-Legg, A; Canadian Paediatric Society CPS. Managing functional constipation in children. Paediatr Child Heal. 2016;16(10):661–5. 

3. Healthy bowel habits for children. Canadian Pediatric Society. 2018;1-3. Available from:
   https://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/healthy_bowel_habits  

4. Harrison Anzinger and Jason Silverman (2018). PedsCases Podcast Constipation. Retrieved from: https://www.pedscases.com/constipation

5. Heaton, K W & Lewis, S J 1997, 'Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time'. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol.32, no.9, pp.920 - 924.