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What is a murmur?
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Sound produced as a result of turbulent blood flow
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What are the two types of murmurs?
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Functional or innocent
Pathologic
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Are all systolic murmurs pathologic?
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No, they can be pathologic and physiologic
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Are all diastolic murmurs pathologic?
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Yes, diastolic murmurs are never physiologic
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What are some characteristics of pathologic murmurs?
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Any diastolic murmur
Systolic murmur > III/VI intensity
Associated thrill
Abnormal splitting of S2
Clicks or gallops
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How common are murmurs?
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80% of children will have audible murmur at some point in life
Often audible in high output states
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What is a Still’s murmur?
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Musical vibratory systolic murmur along LSB
Physiologic murmur in young children
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What is pulmonary flow murmur?
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Soft blowing murmur at upper LSB
Physiologic murmur in older children
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What is pulmonary flow of newborn (PPS) murmur?
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Soft blowing murmur at upper LSB that radiates into back
Physiologic murmur in older children in infants that resolves by 3-6 months
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What is carotid bruit?
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II/VI intensity systolic murmur over clavicles into carotid
Physiologic murmur that can be present in all ages
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What is a venous hum?
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Continuous murmur over clavicles
Intensity changes with rotation of head and compression of jugular vein
Disappears when lying supine
Physiologic murmur that can be present in young children
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What lesion is associated with a soft SEM at LUSB and a widely split and fixed S2?
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Atrial septal defect (ASD)
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What lesion is associated with a continuous murmur in LUSB?
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
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Describe the murmur associated with a VSD lesion.
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Harsh pansystolic murmur +/- thrill
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